E tata ana te kimi i ngā whakakapinga mō ngā pouaka whakamatao o te whakatupuranga tuarua me te tuatoru!
I te 15 o Hepetema, 2021, ka whai mana te "Whakatikatika Kigali ki te Kawa o Montreal mō ngā Matū e Whakaiti ana i te Apa Ozone" mō Haina. E ai ki te "Kawa o Montreal", ka mutu te whakamahi i te hauhautanga HCFC o te whakatipuranga tuarua i te tau 2030. E hiahiatia ana e te whakatikatika kia tae ki te tau 2050, ka heke te whakamahinga o ngā HFC o te ao mā te 85%.
He kaupapa nui tēnei i roto i te tukanga whakakore i te whakamahinga o ngā hauhautanga, ā, he tohu tōrangapū nui hoki e whakaatu ana kua whakatau te ao whānui ki te whakakore i te whakamahinga o ngā hauota hauora (HFC).
I taua wā anō, me te whakatūnga o te whāinga "waro-rua" ā-rohe me te whakatinanatanga āta haere o te kaupapa here whakahaere HFC hauhautanga o te whakatupuranga tuatoru, he mea nui kia rangahauhia te HCFC, ngā matū whakakapinga HFC me ngā hangarau e pā ana.
Ka uru te hauhautanga ki te wā o te uara GWP iti, ā, kāore e taea te wareware i te raruraru mura!
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te whakamahinga o ngā hau whakamatao mura me ngā uara GWP iti hei whakakapi i te HCFC me ētahi atu hau kei roto he fluorine e kiia ana he otinga whai hua, he iti ake hoki te utu. Heoi, kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he onge te whakatutuki a ngā hau whakamatao tuku iho i ngā whakaritenga katoa o ngā hau whakamatao o muri mai mō te GWP iti, te haumaru, te mahi thermodynamic me te mahi taiao i te wā kotahi.
Arā, he maha ngā uara GWP iti ka mura!
E wehea ana e te paerewa ā-motu "Tikanga Tau Whakamātao me te Whakarōpūtanga Haumaru" GB/T 7778-2017 te paitini o ngā pouaka whakamātao ki te Akomanga A (paitini iti) me te Akomanga B (paitini nui), ā, ko te mura ka whakarōpūtia ki te Akomanga 1 (Kāore e horapa te mura), te Akomanga 2L (ngoikore te taea), te Akomanga 2 (taea), me te Akomanga 3 (mura me te pahū). E ai ki te GB/T 7778-2017, e 8 ngā wāhanga o te haumaru o ngā pouaka whakamātao, arā: A1, A2L, A2, A3, B1, B2L, B2, me te B3. I roto i ēnei, ko te A1 te mea haumaru, ā, ko te B3 te mea tino morearea.
Me pēhea te whakamahi i te hauhautanga A2L HFO i runga i te haumaru me te whai hua?
Ahakoa kua whakamatautauria ngā hauhautanga o te whare, ngā hauhautanga matua me ētahi atu taputapu whakamatao mō te mahi i te wheketere, e tohuhia ana te uara tohutoro o te utu hauhautanga. Heoi, he maha ngā waeine hauhautanga matua nui me ngā pouaka whakamatao ahumahi me whakakī ki te hauhautanga i te papaanga, pērā i ngā hauhautanga o te whare, ngā taputapu pouaka whakamātao, ngā rokiroki makariri, me ētahi atu i te wā o te tukanga tiaki.
Heoi anō, nā te rerekētanga o ngā momo whakapūngao e whakamahia ana i roto i ētahi taputapu, he rerekē te utu mō te hauhautanga. Haunga te wāhi tiaki me te wāhi tāutanga, nā te iti o ngā āhuatanga, he maha ngā kaimahi tiaki e utu ana i te hauhautanga i runga i te wheako. Hei tāpiri, he tino aro nui hoki te umanga ki te take o te mura o te hauhautanga.
I runga i tēnei, kua whakarewahia e Chemours ngā R1234yf, R454A, R454B, R454C me ētahi atu hauhautanga A2L mura ngoikore, iti te GWP, ā, e whakapau kaha ana ki te whakatairanga i te hoahoa pūnaha me te whakangungu pūtaiao rongonui hei whakaoti i ngā mōrearea mura.
Ko te taumata haumaru A2L he iti te paitini (A) me te ngoikore o te mura (2L). He maha ngā hauhautanga HFO A2L he nui te mahi me te iti o ngā āhuatanga GWP, ā, he pai hei whakakapi mō te whakatupuranga o mua o ngā hauhautanga HFC. Kāore i te whakamahia whānuitia ngā hua A2L i te mākete o te ao anake, engari he maha ngā kamupene o te kāinga kua tere ake te tere o te whakapai ake me te whakauru i tēnei momo hauhautanga hou ki ngā tono whakaputa. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia e Johnson Controls a Oteon™ XL41 (R-454B) i roto i tana pouaka whakamatao panuku York ® YLAA mō te mākete Pākehā; ka whiriwhiria hoki e Carrier a R-454B (arā, ko tana hauhautanga iti-GWP matua), ka whakamahia e Carrier a R-454B i roto i ana hua HVAC whare noho ngongo me ngā hua HVAC arumoni māmā e hokona ana i Amerika Te Raki mai i te tau 2023. Whakakapia a R-410A.
Wā tuku: Oketopa-23-2021