1. Te āhuatanga o te piri o te rango
Te whakamāramatanga o te piri o te rango: E pā ana ki te āhuatanga kāore e taea e ngā wāhanga nekeneke o te pūwero te mahi nā te ngoikore o te hinu whakahinuhinu, te poke me ētahi atu take. Ko te piri o te rango pūwero e tohu ana kua pakaru te pūwero. Ko te piri o te rango pūwero ka puta i te nuinga o te wā i runga i te mata o te whāriki waku reti me te mata waku o te toki porowhita, te rango me te whāriki o raro, me te mata o te piston waku hurihuri me te mata waku o te rango.
Te whakaaro hē he āhuatanga mau o te rango (te rahunga tīmatanga o te pēhi): Ko te tikanga kāore e taea e te taipana tīmatanga o te pēhi te wikitoria i te ātete o te pūnaha, ā, kāore e taea e te pēhi te tīmata noa. Ina rerekē ngā āhuatanga o waho, ka tīmata pea te pēhi, ā, kāore te pēhi i pakaru.
Ngā āhuatanga mō te tīmatanga noa o te pūwero: Te taipana tīmatanga o te pūwero > te ātete waku + te kaha pēhanga teitei me te iti + te kaha ātete hurihuri Ātete waku: E pā ana ki te waku i waenga i te whāriki o runga o te pūwero, te whāriki o raro, te rango, te porowhita me te matotoru o te hinu whakamatao o te pūwero.
Te kaha pēhanga teitei me te iti: e pā ana ki te taurite o te pēhanga teitei me te iti i roto i te pūnaha.
Te kaha ātete hurihuri: e pā ana ki te hoahoa o te rotor me te rango.
2. Ngā take noa o te piri o te rango
1. Te take o te pūwero tonu
Kāore i te pai te tukatuka o te pūwero, ā, kāore i te ōrite te kaha ā-rohe i runga i te mata honohono, kāore rānei i te tika te hangarau tukatuka, ā, ka uru mai ngā paru ki roto i te pūwero i te wā e hangaia ana te pūwero. He onge te puta o tēnei āhuatanga mō ngā pūwero waitohu.
Te urutau o te pūwero me te pūnaha: Ka whakawhanakehia ngā pūwero wai papu wera i runga i te pūtake o ngā hauhautanga hau, nō reira ko te nuinga o ngā kaihanga papu wera kei te whakamahi tonu i ngā pūwero hauhautanga hau. Ko te paerewa ā-motu mō ngā hauhautanga hau e hiahia ana kia 43°C te pāmahana mōrahi, arā, ko te pāmahana mōrahi i te taha whakapūngao he 43°C. ℃, arā, ko te pāmahana i te taha whakapūngao he 55 ℃. I tēnei pāmahana, ko te pēhanga putanga mōrahi ko te 25kg/cm2. Mena ko te pāmahana taiao i te taha mimiti he 43℃, ko te pēhanga putanga ko te 27kg/cm2. Nā tēnei ka noho te pūwero i roto i te āhua mahi taumaha.
Mā te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga taumaha ka ngāwari te whakapūngao waro o te hinu whakamatao, ka kore e ranea te whakahinuhinu o te pūwero me te rango e piri. I ngā tau e rua kua pahure ake nei, kua whakawhanakehia he pūwero motuhake mō ngā papu wera. Mā te arotau me te whakatikatika i ngā hanganga o roto pērā i ngā kōhao whakahoki hinu o roto me ngā kōhao putanga, kua pai ake ngā āhuatanga mahi o te pūwero me te papu wera.
2. Ngā take o ngā tukinga pēnei i te kawe me te whakahaere
He taputapu tino tika te pūwero, ā, he tino ōrite te tinana papu. Mā te tukinga me te wiri nui i te wā e whakahaeretia ana, e kawe ana, ka rerekē te rahi o te tinana papu pūwero. Ina tīmatahia, ina oma rānei te pūwero, ka panaia e te porotiti te piston ki tētahi tūranga. Ka piki ake te ātete, ā, ka mutu ka mau. Nō reira, me tino tupato te whakahaere i te pūwero mai i te wheketere ki te huihuinga ki te wāhi manaaki, mai i te rokiroki o te wāhi manaaki ki te kawe ki te kaihoko, mai i te kaihoko ki te tāutanga a te kaiwhakamahi, kia kore ai e pakaru te pūwero. Mō te tukinga, te hurihuri, te takoto, me ētahi atu, e ai ki ngā ture e tika ana a te kaihanga pūwero, kaua e neke ake i te 30° te piko o te whakahaere.
3. Ngā take mō te tāutanga me te whakamahinga
Mō te umanga hauhautanga me te papu wera, e toru ngā tohu mō te kounga, e whitu ngā tohu mō te tāutanga. Ahakoa he whakanui rawa, he nui hei whakaatu he nui te pānga o te tāutanga ki te whakamahinga o te pūnaha hau. Ka pāngia te whakamahinga o te pūnaha hau e ngā turuturu, me ērā atu mea. Me whakamārama takitahi.
Whakamātautau taumata: E ai ki te kaihanga pūwero, me iti iho i te 5 te piko o te pūwero, ā, me whakanoho whakapae te wae matua, me iti iho hoki te piko i te 5. Mēnā ka roa te whakamahinga me te piko kitea, ka puta he kaha ā-rohe kāore i te ōrite, ka kitea hoki he waku ā-rohe nui.
Te Whakarerenga: Ki te roa rawa te wā whakawātea, ka kore e ranea te hau whakamatao o te pūwero, ka kore e ranea te hau whakamatao o te pūwero hei whakamatao, ka teitei te pāmahana o te putanga hau, ka warohia te hinu whakamatao, ka pirau, ā, ka piri te pūwero nā te kore e ranea te hinu whakahinuhinu. Mena he hau kei roto i te pūnaha, he hau kore-whakapūpū te hau, ka puta he pēhanga teitei, he rerekē rānei ngā piki me ngā heke, ā, ka pāngia te roa o te ora o te pūwero. Nō reira, i te wā e whakawātea ana, me whakawātea tika kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga paerewa.
Wā tuku: 11-Pepuere-2023